12 ^{Design and production}

of vaccines against

COVID-19 using

established vaccine

platforms

Ryan Kligman

McGill, Faculty of medicine,Montréal, QC, Canada

Jesús Lavado-García

Grup d’Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Universitat

Autònoma de Barcelona

Amine Kamen

Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group,

Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal,

QC, Canada

CONTENTS

12.1

Introduction.................................................................................................294

12.2

SARS-CoV-2 Biology................................................................................295

12.3

SARS-CoV-2 Immunology and Vaccine Rationale..................................296

12.4

Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2...................................................297

12.4.1 RNA Vaccines..............................................................................299

12.4.1.1 mRNA Vaccine Design...............................................300

12.4.1.2 mRNA Vaccine Manufacturing ..................................301

12.4.1.3 Stability of mRNA Vaccines and Their Efficacy.......302

12.4.2 Viral Vector Vaccines..................................................................304

12.4.2.1 Adenovirus Vectored Vaccines...................................305

12.4.2.2 Adenovirus Vectored COVID-19 Vaccines: Design,

Manufacturing, and Efficacy.......................................306

12.4.3 Whole Virus Vaccines .................................................................307

12.4.4 Protein Sub-Unit Vaccines...........................................................308

12.5

Next Steps and Future Perspectives ..........................................................310

References..............................................................................................................311

DOI: 10.1201/9781003229797-12

293